Bill C-7

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	Adult Sentence and Election
Age for purpose of presumptive offences	61. The lieutenant governor in council of a province may by order fix an age greater than fourteen years but not more than sixteen years for the purpose of the application of the provisions of this Act relating to presumptive offences.
Imposition of adult sentence	62. An adult sentence shall be imposed on a young person who is found guilty of an indictable offence for which an adult is liable to imprisonment for a term of more than two years in the following cases:
	(a) in the case of a presumptive offence, if the youth justice court makes an order under subsection 70(2) or paragraph 72(1)(b); or
	(b) in any other case, if the youth justice court makes an order under subsection 64(5) or paragraph 72(1)(b) in relation to an offence committed after the young person attained the age of fourteen years.
Application by young person	63. (1) A young person who is charged with, or found guilty of, a presumptive offence may, at any time before evidence is called as to sentence or, where no evidence is called, before submissions are made as to sentence, make an application for an order that he or she is not liable to an adult sentence and that a youth sentence must be imposed.
Application unopposed	(2) If the Attorney General gives notice to the youth justice court that the Attorney General does not oppose the application, the youth justice court shall, without a hearing, order that the young person, if found guilty, is not liable to an adult sentence and that a youth sentence must be imposed.
Application by Attorney General	64. (1) The Attorney General may, following an application under subsection 42(9) (judicial determination of serious violent offence), if any is made, and before evidence is called as to sentence or, where no evidence is called, before submissions are made as to sentence, make an application for an order that a young person is liable to an adult sentence if the young person is or has been found guilty of an offence, other than a presumptive offence, for which an adult is liable to imprisonment for a term of more than two years, that was committed after the young person attained the age of fourteen years.
Notice of intention to seek adult sentence	(2) If the Attorney General intends to seek an adult sentence for an offence by making an application under subsection (1), or by establishing that the offence is a presumptive offence within the meaning of paragraph (b) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1), the Attorney General shall, before the young person enters a plea or with leave of the youth justice court before the commencement of the trial, give notice to the young person and the youth justice court of the intention to seek an adult sentence.
Included offences	(3) A notice of intention to seek an adult sentence given in respect of an offence is notice in respect of any included offence of which the young person is found guilty for which an adult is liable to imprisonment for a term of more than two years.
Notice to young person	(4) If a young person is charged with an offence, other than an offence set out in paragraph (a) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1), and the Attorney General intends to establish, after a finding of guilt, that the offence is a serious violent offence and a presumptive offence within the meaning of paragraph (b) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1) for which the young person is liable to an adult sentence, the Attorney General shall, before the young person enters a plea or, with leave of the youth justice court under subsection (2), before the commencement of the trial, give notice of that intention to the young person.
Application unopposed	(5) If the young person gives notice to the youth justice court that the young person does not oppose the application for an adult sentence, the youth justice court shall, without a hearing, order that if the young person is found guilty of an offence for which an adult is liable to imprisonment for a term of more than two years, an adult sentence must be imposed.
Presumption does not apply	65. If the Attorney General at any stage of proceedings gives notice to the youth justice court that an adult sentence will not be sought in respect of a young person who is alleged to have committed an offence set out in paragraph (a) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1), the court shall order that the young person is not liable to an adult sentence, and the court shall order a ban on publication of information that would identify the young person as having been dealt with under this Act.
No election if youth sentence	66. If the youth justice court has made an order under subsection 63(2) or section 65 before a young person is required to be put to an election under section 67, the young person shall not be put to an election unless the young person is alleged to have committed first degree murder or second degree murder within the meaning of section 231 of the Criminal Code.
Election - adult sentence	67. (1) Subject to section 66, the youth justice court shall, before a young person enters a plea, put the young person to his or her election in the words set out in subsection (2) if
	(a) the young person is charged with having committed an offence set out in paragraph (a) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1);
	(b) the Attorney General has given notice under subsection 64(2) of the intention to seek an adult sentence for an offence committed after the young person has attained the age of fourteen years;
	(c) the young person is charged with having committed first or second degree murder within the meaning of section 231 of the Criminal Code before the young person has attained the age of fourteen years; or
	(d) the person to whom section 16 (status of accused uncertain) applies is charged with having, after attaining the age of fourteen years, committed an offence for which an adult would be entitled to an election under section 536 of the Criminal Code, or over which a superior court of criminal jurisdiction would have exclusive jurisdiction under section 469 of that Act.
Wording of election	(2) The youth justice court shall put the young person to his or her election in the following words:
	You have the option to elect to be tried by a youth justice court judge without a jury and without having had a preliminary inquiry; or you may elect to have a preliminary inquiry and to be tried by a judge without a jury; or you may elect to have a preliminary inquiry and to be tried by a court composed of a judge and jury. If you do not elect now, you shall be deemed to have elected to have a preliminary inquiry and to be tried by a court composed of a judge and jury. How do you elect to be tried?
Election - Nunavut	(3) Subject to section 66, in respect of proceedings in Nunavut, the youth justice court shall, before a young person enters a plea, put the young person to his or her election in the words set out in subsection (4) if
	(a) the young person is charged with having committed an offence set out in paragraph (a) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1);
	(b) the Attorney General has given notice under subsection 64(2) of the intention to seek an adult sentence for an offence committed after the young person has attained the age of fourteen years;
	(c) the young person is charged with having committed first or second degree murder within the meaning of section 231 of the Criminal Code before the young person has attained the age of fourteen years; or
	(d) the person to whom section 16 (status of accused uncertain) applies is charged with having, after attaining the age of fourteen years, committed an offence for which an adult would be entitled to an election under section 536.1 of the Criminal Code.
Wording of election	(4) The youth justice court shall put the young person to his or her election in the following words:
	You have the option to elect to be tried by a judge of the Nunavut Court of Justice alone, acting as a youth justice court without a jury and without a preliminary inquiry; or you may elect to have a preliminary inquiry and to be tried by a judge of the Nunavut Court of Justice, acting as a youth justice court without a jury; or you may elect to have a preliminary inquiry and to be tried by a judge of the Nunavut Court of Justice, acting as a youth justice court with a jury. If you do not elect now, you shall be deemed to have elected to have a preliminary inquiry and to be tried by a court composed of a judge and jury. How do you elect to be tried?
Mode of trial where co-accused are young persons	(5) When two or more young persons who are charged with the same offence, who are jointly charged in the same information or indictment or in respect of whom the Attorney General seeks joinder of counts that are set out in separate informations or indictments are put to their election, then, unless all of them elect or re-elect or are deemed to have elected, as the case may be, the same mode of trial, the youth justice court judge
	(a) may decline to record any election, re-election or deemed election for trial by a youth justice court judge without a jury, a judge without a jury or, in Nunavut, a judge of the Nunavut Court Justice without a jury; and
	(b) if the judge declines to do so, shall hold a preliminary inquiry unless a preliminary inquiry has been held prior to the election, re-election or deemed election.
Attorney General may require trial by jury	(6) The Attorney General may, even if a young person elects under subsection (1) or (3) to be tried by a youth justice court judge without a jury or a judge without a jury, require the young person to be tried by a court composed of a judge and jury.
Preliminary inquiry	(7) When a young person elects to be tried by a judge without a jury, or elects or is deemed to have elected to be tried by a court composed of a judge and jury, the youth justice court referred to in subsection 13(1) shall conduct a preliminary inquiry and if, on its conclusion, the young person is ordered to stand trial, the proceedings shall be conducted
	(a) before a judge without a jury or a court composed of a judge and jury, as the case may be; or
	(b) in Nunavut, before a judge of the Nunavut Court of Justice acting as a youth justice court, with or without a jury, as the case may be.
Preliminary inquiry provisions of Criminal Code	(8) The preliminary inquiry shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of Part XVIII (procedure on preliminary inquiry) of the Criminal Code, except to the extent that they are inconsistent with this Act.
Parts XIX and XX of Criminal Code	(9) Proceedings under this Act before a judge without a jury or a court composed of a judge and jury or, in Nunavut, a judge of the Nunavut Court of Justice acting as a youth justice court, with or without a jury, as the case may be, shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of Parts XIX (indictable offences - trial without jury) and XX (procedure in jury trials and general provisions) of the Criminal Code, with any modifications that the circumstances require, except that
	(a) the provisions of this Act respecting the protection of privacy of young persons prevail over the provisions of the Criminal Code; and
	(b) the young person is entitled to be represented in court by counsel if the young person is removed from court in accordance with subsection 650(2) of the Criminal Code.
Proof of notice under subsection 64(4)	68. (1) When a young person is found guilty of an offence, other than an offence set out in paragraph (a) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1), committed after he or she attained the age of fourteen years, and the Attorney General seeks to establish that the offence is a serious violent offence and a presumptive offence within the meaning of paragraph (b) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1), the Attorney General must satisfy the youth justice court that the young person, before entering a plea, was given notice under subsection 64(4) (intention to prove prior serious violent offences).
Determination of serious violent offence	(2) If the youth justice court is satisfied that the young person was given notice under subsection 64(4) (intention to prove prior serious violent offences), the Attorney General may make an application in accordance with subsection 42(9) (judicial determination of serious violent offence).
Inquiry by court and proof	(3) If the youth justice court determines that the offence is a serious violent offence, it shall ask whether the young person admits to the previous judicial determinations of serious violent offences made at different proceedings. If the young person does not admit to any of it, the Attorney General may adduce evidence as proof of the previous judicial determinations in accordance with section 667 of the Criminal Code, with any modifications that the circumstances require. For the purposes of that section, a certified copy of the information or indictment endorsed in accordance with subsection 42(9) (judicial determination of serious violent offence) or a certified copy of a court decision is deemed to be a certificate.
Determination by court	(4) If the youth justice court, after making its inquiry under subsection (3), is satisfied that the offence is a presumptive offence within the meaning of paragraph (b) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1), the youth justice court shall endorse the information or indictment accordingly.
Determination by court	(5) If the youth justice court, after making its inquiry under subsection (3), is not satisfied that the offence is a presumptive offence within the meaning of paragraph (b) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1), the Attorney General may make an application under subsection 64(1) (application for adult sentence).
Paragraph (a) ``presumptive offence'' - included offences	69. (1) If a young person who is charged with an offence set out in paragraph (a) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1) is found guilty of committing an included offence for which an adult is liable to imprisonment for a term of more than two years, other than another presumptive offence set out in that paragraph,
	(a) the Attorney General may make an application under subsection 64(1) (application for adult sentence) without the necessity of giving notice under subsection 64(2), if the finding of guilt is for an offence that is not a presumptive offence; or
	(b) subsections 68(2) to (5) apply without the necessity of the Attorney General giving notice under subsection 64(2) (intention to seek adult sentence) or (4) (intention to prove prior serious violent offences), if the finding of guilt is for an offence that would be a presumptive offence within the meaning of paragraph (b) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1) if a judicial determination is made that the offence is a serious violent offence and on proof of previous judicial determinations of a serious violent offence.
Other serious offences - included offences	(2) If the Attorney General has given notice under subsection 64(2) of the intention to seek an adult sentence and the young person, after he or she has attained the age of fourteen years, is found guilty of committing an included offence for which an adult is liable to imprisonment for a term of more than two years, the Attorney General may make an application under subsection 64(1) (application for adult sentence) or seek to apply the provisions of section 68.
Inquiry by court to young person	70. (1) The youth justice court, after hearing an application under subsection 42(9) (judicial determination of serious violent offence), if any is made, and before evidence is called or, where no evidence is called, before submissions are made as to sentence, shall inquire whether a young person wishes to make an application under subsection 63(1) (application for youth sentence) and if so, whether the Attorney General would oppose it, if
	(a) the young person has been found guilty of a presumptive offence;
	(b) the young person has not already made an application under subsection 63(1); and
	(c) no order has been made under section 65 (young person not liable to adult sentence).
No application by young person	(2) If the young person indicates that he or she does not wish to make an application under subsection 63(1) (application for youth sentence) or fails to give an indication, the court shall order that an adult sentence be imposed.
Hearing - adult sentences	71. The youth justice court shall, at the commencement of the sentencing hearing, hold a hearing in respect of an application under subsection 63(1) (application for youth sentence) or 64(1) (application for adult sentence), unless the court has received notice that the application is not opposed. Both parties and the parents of the young person shall be given an opportunity to be heard at the hearing.
Test - adult sentences	72. (1) In making its decision on an application heard in accordance with section 71, the youth justice court shall consider the seriousness and circumstances of the offence, and the age, maturity, character, background and previous record of the young person and any other factors that the court considers relevant, and
	(a) if it is of the opinion that a youth sentence imposed in accordance with the purpose and principles set out in subparagraph 3(1)(b)(ii) and section 38 would have sufficient length to hold the young person accountable for his or her offending behaviour, it shall order that the young person is not liable to an adult sentence and that a youth sentence must be imposed; and
	(b) if it is of the opinion that a youth sentence imposed in accordance with the purpose and principles set out in subparagraph 3(1)(b)(ii) and section 38 would not have sufficient length to hold the young person accountable for his or her offending behaviour, it shall order that an adult sentence be imposed.
Onus	(2) The onus of satisfying the youth justice court as to the matters referred to in subsection (1) is with the applicant.
Pre-sentence reports	(3) In making its decision, the youth justice court shall consider a pre-sentence report.
Court to state reasons	(4) When the youth justice court makes an order under this section, it shall state the reasons for its decision.
Appeals	(5) For the purposes of an appeal in accordance with section 37, an order under subsection (1) is part of the sentence.
Court must impose adult sentence	73. (1) When the youth justice court makes an order under subsection 64(5) or 70(2) or paragraph 72(1)(b) in respect of a young person, the court shall, on a finding of guilt, impose an adult sentence on the young person.
Court must impose youth sentence	(2) When the youth justice court makes an order under subsection 63(2), section 65 or paragraph 72(1)(a) in respect of a young person, the court shall, on a finding of guilt, impose a youth sentence on the young person.
Application of Parts XXIII and XXIV of Criminal Code	74. (1) Parts XXIII (sentencing) and XXIV (dangerous and long-term offenders) of the Criminal Code apply to a young person in respect of whom the youth justice court has ordered that an adult sentence be imposed.
Finding of guilt becomes a conviction	(2) A finding of guilt for an offence in respect of which an adult sentence is imposed becomes a conviction once the time allowed for the taking of an appeal has expired or, if an appeal is taken, all proceedings in respect of the appeal have been completed and the appeal court has upheld an adult sentence.
Interpretation	(3) This section does not affect the time of commencement of an adult sentence under subsection 719(1) of the Criminal Code.
Inquiry by the court to the young person	75. (1) If the youth justice court imposes a youth sentence in respect of a young person who has been found guilty of having committed a presumptive offence set out in paragraph (a) of the definition ``presumptive offence'' in subsection 2(1), or an offence under paragraph (b) of that definition for which the Attorney General has given notice under subsection 64(2) (intention to seek adult sentence), the court shall at the sentencing hearing inquire whether the young person or the Attorney General wishes to make an application under subsection (3) for a ban on publication.
No application for a ban	(2) If the young person and the Attorney General both indicate that they do not wish to make an application under subsection (3), the court shall endorse the information or indictment accordingly.
Order for a ban	(3) On application of the young person or the Attorney General, a youth justice court may order a ban on publication of information that would identify the young person as having been dealt with under this Act if the court considers it appropriate in the circumstances, taking into account the importance of rehabilitating the young person and the public interest.
Appeals	(4) For the purposes of an appeal in accordance with section 37, an order under subsection (3) is part of the sentence.
Placement when subject to adult sentence	76. (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (9) and sections 79 and 80 and despite anything else in this Act or any other Act of Parliament, when a young person who is subject to an adult sentence in respect of an offence is sentenced to a term of imprisonment for the offence, the youth justice court shall order that the young person serve any portion of the imprisonment in

Bill C-7

Adult Sentence and Election